소개글
음성학에 관련 페이퍼입니다.
학기 term페이퍼로 제출 한 겁니다.
ps. 이페이퍼로 A+ 받았습니다^^
목차
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1 Subjects
2.2 Material
2.3 Recording
3. Results and analysis
3.1 Effects of focus on postfocus duration - focus on word1
3.2 Effects of focus on both prefocus and postfocus durations - focus on word2
3.3 Effects of focus on prefocus duration - focus on word3
4. Discussion
References
본문내용
The present study discusses the effects of focus on the duration of prefocus and postfocus through the f0 contours in short Mandarin sentences. This was examined through the observation of the change of the duration with and without focus, or different focus location produced in Mandarin short speeches. Referring to some early researches on the effects of focus in Chinese speeches and the characteristic of focus in English intonation, this study emphasized how prefocus and postfocus duration changes with different focus locations by comparing with neutral focus sentences. In order to show obvious results, all the short sentences in the experiment consisted of five words, the first word consisted of two syllables, the second word only has one syllable, and the third word consisted of two syllables. All of these sentences begin with an initial H tone and ended with H tone. Between each two H tones there were another varing tones. The interval varing tones between two H tones shown as the same, so we get four patterns as HHHHH, HRHRH, HLHLH, HFHFH.
참고 자료
Gandour, J., Potisuk, S. & Dechongki, S. (1994) Tonal coarticulation in Thai, Journal of Phonetics, 22, 477-492.
Han, M. S. & K. O. Kim (1974) Phonetic variation of vietnamese tones in disyllabic utterance, Journal of Phonetics, 2, 223-232.
Pierrehumbert, J. (1980) The Phonology and Phonetics of English Intonation. Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Shih, C. L. (1988) Tone and Intonation in Mandarin, Working Papers, Cornell
phonetics Laboratory, No. 3, 83-109.
Xu, Y. (1993) Contextual Tonal Variation in Mandarin Chinese, Ph.D. dissertation. The University of Connecticut.
Xu, Y. (1994) Production and perception of coarticulation tones, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 2240-2253.
Xu, Y. (1997) Contextual tonal variations in Mandarin, Journal of Phonetics, 25, 61-83.
Xu, Y. (1999) Effects of tone and focus on the formation and alignment of f0 contours, Journal of Phonetics, 27, 55-105.