Polymerization by enzymatic catalysts

소개글

기존에 금속 촉매를 이용한 화학반응은 수율이나 반응조건등 여러 단점들이 많이 있습니다.
이를 대체하기 위한 효소반응에 관련된 연구가 많이 진행되고 있습니다.
기존 화학공정의 단점과 효소반응의 장점에 대해서 기술했습니다.

목차

Introdution
Polymerization
Enzymatic polymerization
Enzymes for catalytic polymerization
Direct Synthesis of Polymers
New Strategies
Conclusion
References

본문내용

Introdution

The use of enzymes or whole cells as catalysts in specialty chemical synthesis during the last ten years has become a useful technique. 
New trends in polymer synthesis are derived from researches involving in vitro specialty chemical synthesis using biocatalyst.

Polymerization
can be prepared through an exchange reaction between ester and hydroxyl groups, usually called alcoholysis.
proceeds very slowly in the absence of catalysts, even at high temperatures. Of the many catalysts, the most effective are acetates of Pb(II), Pb(IV), Zn, Mg, Ca, Co, and Cd, oxides such as Sb2O3 and GeO2.

참고 자료

Nishida, Haruo; Yamashita, Mitsuhiro; Nagashima, Masumi; Endo, Takeshi; Tokiwa, Yutaka. Synthesis of metal - free poly ( 1 , 4 - dioxan - 2 - one ) by enzyme - catalyzed ring - opening polymerization. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry (2000), 38(9), 1560-1567.
Junzo Otera, Esterification Methods, Reactions, and applications, WILEY-VCH GmbH & Co.KGaA, (2004).
Hyun Joo, Young Je Yoo and Jonathan S. Dordick, Polymers from Biocatalysts. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 15(4), 362-374(1998).
Ajay Kumar, Bhanu Kalra, Alex Dekhterman, and Richard A. Gross, Efficient Ring-Opening Polymerization and Copolymerization of ε-Caprolactone and ω-Pentadecalactone Catalyzed by Candida antartica Lipase B. Macromolecules (2000), 33, 6303-6309.
Dafna Knani, Arie L. Gutman, and David H. Kohn, Enzymatic Polymesterification in Organic Media. Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Linear Polyesters. I. Condensation Polymerization of Linear Hydroxyesters. II. Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone. Journal of Polymer Science: Part A : Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 31, 1221-1232(1993).
Xy Wu, Y-Y Linko, Seppälä, M Leisola and P Linko, Lipase-Catalyzed synthesis of aromatic polyesters. Journal of industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (1998) 20, 328-332.
Sadafumi Noda, Noriho Kamiya, Masahiro Goto and Fumiyuki Nakashio, Enzymatic polymerzation catalyzed by surfactant-coated lipases in organic media. Biotechnology Letters, Vol 19, No 4, (1997), 307-309.
Dafna Knani and David H. Kohn, Enzymatic Polymesterification in Organic Media. II. Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Lateral-Substituted Aliphatic Polyesters and Copolyesters. Journal of Polymer Science: Part A : Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 31, 2887-2897(1993).
Luis E. Iglesias, Yuko Fukuyama, Hiroshi Nonami, Rosa Erra-Balsells & Alicia Baldessari. A simple enzymatic procedure for the synthesis of a hydroxylated polyester from glycerol and adipic acid. Biotechnology Techniques 13 : 923-926, (1999).
Shiro Kobayashi, Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones by Lipase Catalyst : Mechanistic Aspects. Macromol. Symp. (2006), 204, 178-185.