기업간거래시스템의국제비교

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기업간 거래 시스템의 국제 비교

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기업간 거래시스템의 국제 비교: 한국, 미국, 일본을 중심으로*
1. 머리말
기업간 거래시스템은 중간재의 생산과 거래를 둘러싸고 거래참가자들이 맺는 관계를 말한다. 이에 관한 그동안의 논의는 미국 MIT대학의 IMVP(International Motor Vehicle Program)를 비롯한 국제 비교연구를 통해 활발히 진행되어 왔으며, 국가별 산업조직과 거래시스템의 차이가 기술능력과 산업경쟁력의 격차를 가져온 중요한 원인으로 주목받았다(Helper, 1991; Nichiguchi, 1994; Helper & Sako, 1995; Nobeoka, 1996; Sako & Helper, 1998; 淺沼萬里, 1997). 이들 연구의 주요 결론은 미국의 경쟁적인 단기거래보다는 일본의 협조적인 장기계속거래가 효율적이라는 것이다. 그리고 이는 미국형과 일본형 기업시스템의 비교 경제학으로 이론화되기도 하였다(靑木昌彦·奧野正寬, 1996). 이와 같은 연구들은 일본의 협조적 거래시스템이 산업발전을 촉진시키고 있음을 보임으로써 ‘협조적 거래시스템 우위론’을 폭넓게 확산시켰다.
국내에서도 협조적 거래시스템 우위론의 영향력은 크다. 그동안 기업간 거래시스템에 관한 논의를 통해 ‘협조적 거래’가 특징인 일본형 시스템이 산업발전을 촉진시킨다는 인식이 확산되었다. 일본과 독일의 협조적 관계가 미국의 거리두기 관계(arm`s length relation)보다 혁신투자에 우위가 있다는 것이다. 이에 따라 협조적 거래시스템이 도입되어야 한다는 인식이 공유되었으며, 정부 또한 일본시스템을 모델로 삼는 산업정책들을 추진해왔다.

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