19세기의 嶺南 學界와 俛宇 郭鍾錫의 理學

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 경상대학교 남명학연구소 ㆍ수록지정보 : 남명학연구 / 28권
ㆍ저자명 : 權五榮

목차

Ⅰ.머리말
Ⅱ. 19세기 영남 학계의 이학
Ⅲ. 면우의 이학과 그 사상사적 의미
Ⅳ. 맺음말

한국어 초록

19세기 영남 학계에는 李滉 이후 전통적으로 이해되어온 ‘心은 理氣가 합해 있다’는 설을 굳게 지키는 학자들이 아주 많았다. 이러한 학계의 경향에 정면으 로 맞서 李震相은 心卽理설을 제창하였다. 이진상의 제자인 郭鍾錫은 당시 영 남학계에서 ‘異端’으로 비판받았던 스승의 心卽理설를 잘 계승하여 변호하고 발전시켰다. 곽종석은 心學의 요체인 知와 敬에 매우 주목하였다. 그는 情(사단칠정)이 發 할 때에 知와 敬이 그 情의 발함을 主宰한다고 보았다. 知와 敬에 대한 그의 깊 은 탐구는 어려운 시대를 구제해나갈 이론을 眞知와 實踐이라는 두 측면에서 확보하려는 학문적 노력으로 이해된다. 무엇보다 주목할 만한 사실은 곽종석이 明德에 대한 새로운 해석을 하였다는 점이다. 그는 당시 학계에서 명덕을 心으로만 이해하는 것에 대해 비판하였다. 그는 명덕은 心과 身, 性과 行을 포함하지 않는 것이 없다고 하였다. 그는 명덕 을 心이라고만 해버리면,

영어 초록

Many 19th century scholars of the Yeongnam School were firm in their conviction in the theory of "the mind-heart is a mixture of li(理) and qi (氣)" which had become the traditional understanding of the mind since Yi Hwang(李滉). A scholar who is Yi Jin-sang(李震相) overturned this popular theory of the mind-heart in those days by reinterpreting the mind-heart as li(理). Yi Jin-sang’s disciple Gwak Jong-seok(郭鍾錫) not only succeeded this theory which was criticized by the Yeongnam School circle as "heterodoxy" but also defended and developed it. Gwak Jong-seok especially focused on intellect(知) and respect(敬), the core of the study of the mind-heart(心學). He considered intellect and respect to control feelings when feelings are aroused. His in-depth investigation of intellect and respect can be seen as an academic endeavor to find in true intellect and practice a theory that may help people during a difficult time. The remarkable fact is that Gwak Jong-seok interpreted illustrious virtue(明德) in a new way. He criticized the trend of the academicians of his times for understanding illustrious virtue as merely heart-mind. Rather, he emphasized that illustrious virtue cannot be without mind-heart, the body, human nature, and action. He claimed that if illustrious virtue is just heart-mind, "rectifying the heart-mind"(正心) achieves illuminating of "illustrious virtue" in the 8 items of the Great Learning(大學), which renders "cultivation of self" which follows useless. He constructed a theoretical framework which made it possible to accept thoughts and culture from nations around the world through a new interpretation of illustrious virtue. From the late 19th century, however, Gwak Jong-seok revealed a deep interest in the public law and philosophy of the West. With his mounting interest in Western public law, philosophy, and science, his study of li(理學) transitioned toward independence of Joseon and peace. He acknowledged Western philosophy, which is without partiality of personal interest or public order based on benevolence and righteousness, and Western science based on Western philosophy while yearning for Joseon to achieve independence and peace as soon as possible.

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