동북아 창조신화와 양성원리

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 한국구비문학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 구비문학연구
ㆍ저자명 : 김재용

목차

1. 서론
2. 논의를 위한 몇 가지 전제
3. 자료의 검토
4. 양성원리와 변전의 방향

한국어 초록

이 글은 동북아 창조신화를 대상으로 양성원리의 존재 양태 및 변전 과정을 검토하는 데 목적을 둔다. 양성원리는 남성성과 여성성의 상호관계에서 의의를 획득할 수 있겠지만, 여성원리만이 단독으로 강하게 표출되는 신화가 있는가 하면, 남성원리만이 지배적인 힘으로 나타나는 경우도 있다. 어느 한 쪽이 우세하게 작용하는 경우에 그것은 다른 한 쪽을 안고 있거나 억압하기 위한 구성체계를 가지고 있다. 하지만 그러한 체계가 현실적인 조건과 어떤 관련성을 가지고 있는가를 따지는 일은 간단하지 않다.

영어 초록

This paper aims at comprehending and discussing the male/female principle of creation myths apparent in the Manchurian, the Evenk, and the Korean. In Manchurian creation myths, the creator names Abuca, the supreme goddess, who was born out of the water. She creates a universe, mankind, and other things together with her two sisters, Banamu and Warudu. On its way, God does not appear.
In Evenk creation myths, the creator is god. In the midst of the creative process appears the female who is symbolically imaged. The creation accordingly suggests the union of both sexes.
In Korean creation myths, there is no goddess. In 'the song of creation,' god opens the universe by separating the sky from the earth. But except the universe creation, god appears as a controller rather than a creator. He prays the sky, and gets five golden insects and five silver ones. He brings up ten insects, which respectively turn into men and women. It represents the superiority of the male over the female in the birth of a child. As a consequence, in Korean creation myth, the goddess absolutely kept out.
The Flood makes an epoch. After the Flood, the supreme goddess names Abuca withdraws from the throne in the Manchurian creation myth. On the contrary, the male god calls Abuca-eunduri ascends the throne of gods and goddesses. This mythical evolution may anticipate the transition from the maternal society to the paternal one. The view on the creative role of goddess for the birth of a child was modified. Thus, the union of both sexes gives birth to children.
In Korean myths, a man and a woman who had rescued during the Flood united and gave birth to children. Although the goddess has presided over the creation myths, she grew weaker and weaker in the myths of later periods. In myths of founding country, goddess surrenders to god. Although the goddess hands over the supreme position to the god, she has a sacred diety. To be sure, in the myth of founding Koguryo, Euwha, the mother of Jumong who had built up the Koguryo empire, was regarded as an agriculture goddess. During the period of replacing both sexes, we can easily find some struggles between two sexes. According to Korean myths, the male excels the female among these struggles.
In the folktale, the female has no enough ability to change the world. To illustrate, the folktale treating siblings who become the sun and the moon clearly shows that the female has no power and wisdom to get through the crises.

참고 자료

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